In an era defined by democratic values and political pluralism, monarchies continue to hold significant positions in many countries worldwide. While the age of absolute monarchy has largely passed, modern monarchies have adapted to serve constitutional, ceremonial, or cultural roles within contemporary societies. In nations like Japan, Sweden, the Netherlands, Thailand, and Morocco, monarchies remain relevant, functioning alongside democratic institutions. This blog explores the evolving role of monarchs in these five nations, examining their political structure, the extent of their power, and their cultural importance in the modern world.
Japan: The Symbolic Emperor
Japan’s monarchy is the oldest continuous hereditary monarchy in the world. The current Emperor, Naruhito, ascended the Chrysanthemum Throne in 2019 after the abdication of his father, Emperor Akihito. Japan’s political structure is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government. The emperor holds no governing power and is regarded as a “symbol of the State and of the unity of the People” as defined in Article 1 of Japan’s post-war constitution.
While the Emperor no longer plays a political role, he performs essential ceremonial duties, such as opening the National Diet (Japan’s parliament), welcoming foreign dignitaries, and presiding over traditional rituals. The imperial family also represents the country in global diplomatic and cultural engagements. In Japanese society, the Emperor is revered as a spiritual and cultural figure, serving as a unifying presence amidst a modern democratic framework.
Sweden: A Ceremonial Figurehead in a Parliamentary Democracy
Sweden’s monarchy is one of Europe’s most well-known examples of a ceremonial monarchy. King Carl XVI Gustaf has reigned since 1973, but under the 1974 Instrument of Government, the Swedish constitution strips the monarch of any political power. Sweden is a parliamentary democracy, where the Riksdag (parliament) and the prime minister hold legislative and executive authority.
The King’s role is primarily symbolic and ceremonial. He represents Sweden at state functions, annually opens the parliament, and is a diplomatic figurehead. The Royal House also contributes significantly to Swedish national identity by supporting charitable initiatives, promoting cultural heritage, and enhancing tourism. Although the monarchy no longer plays a governing role, it remains respected in Swedish society as a symbol of continuity, unity, and tradition.
The Netherlands: Balancing Tradition and Modern Governance
The Dutch monarchy is another prominent constitutional monarchy where the royal family plays a largely ceremonial role within a robust parliamentary system. King Willem-Alexander became the monarch in 2013 following Queen Beatrix’s abdication. Though the King has limited constitutional powers, he still plays an active role in state functions.
The Dutch monarch signs laws (after they pass through parliament), appoints cabinet members based on parliamentary advice, and holds regular meetings with the Prime Minister. However, these powers are largely symbolic or procedural. The monarch also represents the Netherlands abroad and fosters national unity at home through cultural and social engagement. In times of crisis or celebration, the Dutch royal family often serves as a rallying point for national solidarity, showcasing the monarchy’s continued relevance in civic life.
Thailand: Revered Symbolism and Subtle Influence
Thailand’s monarchy stands out for its profound cultural significance and complex relationship with political power. King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) ascended the throne in 2016 following his father’s death, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who reigned for seven decades and was deeply beloved by the Thai people. Though Thailand is technically a constitutional monarchy, the King wields more influence than his European counterparts.
The Thai monarchy is protected by strict lèse majesté laws, which criminalize the royal family and are punishable by lengthy prison sentences. Although elected officials and military authorities manage the day-to-day governance, the King exercises considerable influence over religious affairs, military promotions, and public sentiment. Royal ceremonies, symbols, and rituals are deeply ingrained in Thai culture, and the monarchy plays an integral role in shaping national identity.
In recent years, pro-democracy movements have called for reforms to the monarchy’s influence, indicating an evolving relationship between the institution and the younger Thai population. However, the royal family remains a powerful cultural and emotional cornerstone of Thai society.
Morocco: The Hybrid Monarch
Unlike the other monarchies discussed, Morocco operates under a more hybrid political system in which King Mohammed VI holds both symbolic and executive powers. He ascended to the throne in 1999 following the death of King Hassan II. Morocco is officially a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, but the King retains significant influence over religious, military, and political matters.
King Mohammed VI is considered “Commander of the Faithful,” which grants him authority in religious affairs and makes him a spiritual leader to Moroccan Muslims. He also chairs the Council of Ministers and the Security Council, allowing him to shape domestic and foreign policy. While Morocco has made democratic strides, including adopting a new constitution in 2011 following the Arab Spring, the monarchy remains at the core of political life.
The King’s role extends beyond governance. He symbolizes national unity, fundamentally in a diverse society with Arab, Berber, and sub-Saharan cultural influences. His modernization efforts, economic initiatives, and reforms have earned him praise and criticism, but he remains an enduring figure in Moroccan public life.
Cultural Roles And Modern Relevance
Modern monarchies today may no longer wield unchecked political power, but they still hold tremendous cultural significance. Across all five nations, monarchs serve as symbols of continuity in times of change, bridging the past and present. They promote national unity, represent their countries on the world stage, and often support charitable, educational, and humanitarian causes.
Monarchies often stabilize institutions in an age of political polarization and rapid social change. Their apolitical stance allows them to remain respected by broad segments of society, even in nations with strong democratic traditions. Whether attending national ceremonies, supporting disaster relief efforts, or engaging in diplomacy, monarchs play meaningful roles that adapt to the values and needs of their societies.
Conclusion
The survival of monarchies in the 21st century may seem paradoxical, yet their endurance reflects their ability to evolve and remain relevant. In Japan, Sweden, the Netherlands, Thailand, and Morocco, monarchs play diverse roles—some purely ceremonial, others with significant political or religious influence. Despite their differences, these monarchies share a common thread: they are deeply intertwined with their nations’ cultural identity and historical continuities.
As these countries continue to navigate the complexities of modern governance, their monarchs provide a living link to tradition, serving not as assemblers but as enduring symbols of unity, heritage, and national pride.